TARUNA PIP MAKASSAR

Senin, 21 Maret 2011

UKP BAHASA INGGRIS

ATT-III BAHASA INGGRIS WAKTU = 90 MENIT

I. Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into good Indonesian (30)

Different types of marine engine
There are four main types of marine diesel engine, the steam turbine, the gas turbine and the marine nuclear plant. Each type of engine has its own particular application 1).
The diesel engine is a form of internal combustion engine similar to that used in a bus. It is power is expressed as brake horsepower (bhp) 2). This is the power put out by the engine 3). Effective horse power is power develop by piston in the cylinder, but some of this is lost by friction within the engine 4).
The power output of a modern marine diesel engine is about 40,000 brake horse power. This is now expressed in kilowatts 4). By comparison the engine of a small family car has an output of about 80 bhp 5). Large diesel engines, which have cylinder nearly 3 ft in diameter, turn at the relatively slow speed of about 108 rpm 6). These are known as a slow-speed engines 7). They can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing 8). Although higher power could be produced by higher revolutions, this would reduce the efficiency of the propeller, because a propeller is more efficient the larger it is and the slower it turns 9). These large slow running engines are used in the larger merchant ships, particularly in tankers and bulk carriers 10). The main reason is their low fuel consumption 11). More and more of the larger merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines 12). These operate between 150 and 450 rpm, therefore they are connected to the propeller by gearing 13). This type of engine was once restricted to smaller cargo ships, but now they are used in fast cargo liners as well as in tankers and bulk carriers 14). They are cheaper than slow-speed diesel engines, and their smaller size and weight can result in a smaller, cheaper ship 15).
In steam turbines high pressure steam is directed into a series of blades or vanes attached to the shaft, causing it rotate 16). This rotary motion is transferred to the propeller shaft by gears 17). Steam is produced by boiling of water in a boiler, which is fired by oil 18). Recent developments in steam turbines which have reduced fuel consumption and raised power output have made them more attractive as an alternative to diesel power ships 19). They are 50 per cent lighter and on very large





tankers some of the steam can be used to drive large cargo oil pumps 20. Turbines are often used in container ships, which is travel high speeds 21).
Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that gas rather than steam is used to turn a shaft 22). These have also become more suitable for use in ships 23). Many naval vessel are powered by gas turbines and several container ships are fitted with them 24). A gas turbine engine is very light and easily removed for maintenance 25). It is also suitable for complete automation 26).
Nuclear power in ships has mainly been confined to naval vessels, particularly submarines 27). But this form of power will be used more in merchant ships as oil fuels become more expensive 28). A nuclear-powered ship differs from a conventional turbine ship in that it is uses the energy released by the decay of radioactive fuel to generate steam 29). The steam is used to turn a shaft via a turbine in the conventional way 30).

II. Complete the following diagram to form a summary of the basic types of marine engine. (30)

Marine engines



………………….. …………………… ………………… ……………………..




…………………. …………………..
III. Now fill in this box to summarize the application of these engines. (40)
Type of engine Application
Slow-speed diesel

Medium-speed diesel

Steam turbine

Gas turbine

Marine nuclear plant




ATT-III BAHASA INGGRIS WAKTU = 90 MENIT

FAULT CHART
I. Read the following fault chart and translate it into Indonesian (25).
II. Time yourself to see how long it takes you to find out this information from the following chart showing some common running troubles in a four-stroke medium speed diesel engine and how they might be remedied, and then answer the following questions (75).
1. What would happen if the valve from the fuel supply tank was not open?
2. What would you do if the oil viscosity was too high?
3. Where would you look to see if the starting air pressure was too low?
4. When it sometimes necessary to adjust the fuel pump?
5. What would you do if one of the filters was chocked?
6. What may happen if the fuel pump is incorrectly set?
7. What would you do if the level of oil in the service tank was too low?
8. Where would you look if the engine was running too fast?
9. What would happen if there was water in the fuel?
10. Where would you look to see if the engine was overloaded?
Effect Cause Where to look Remedy
Engine refuses to start 1. No fuel

2. Starting air pressure to low

3. Air in Fuel line or pump

4. Injection nozzles not working

5. Compression low









6. Viscosity of oil too high


7. Cylinder too cold

8. Injection timing wrong Supply tank
Supply tank valve
Starting air pressure gauge
Fuel pump

Nozzles


Valves
Pistons








Fuel tank


Cylinder cooling water pump
Fuel pump Fill tank
Open valve
Start air compressor
Recharge reservoir
Prime fuel pump
Check line for leaks
Remove injectors and clean
Examine spring
Examine to see if seating properly
Examine piston rings
If supercharged,





inlet filter could be dirty
Put on heating steam
Circulate fuel line
Cooling water may need heating
Adjust
Engine starts on air but refuses to pick up firing 1. Valve open
2. Fuel system air locked

3. Filter chocked

4. Fuel injector filter chocked

5. Fuel pump set incorrectly

6. Level of oil in service tank too low Inlet exhaust valve
Fuel pipes

Fuel filter

Fuel injector

Fuel pump timing gear
Service tank gauge Free, if stuck
Prime fuel pumps and test
Turn on No.2 filter
Clean No.1 filter
Remove filter
Fit spare filter
Reset fuel pump

Refill service tank and prime fuel pump
Engine slows down and stops 1. Governor gear defective

2. Fuel injector delivering too little fuel
3. Water in fuel oil

4. Overloading

5. Unequal load being developed in one cylinder



6. Stoppage of cooling water Governor and linkage
Fuel pump
Injector
Filter

Gauges

Exhaust temperature



Circulating pump Check setting of governor
Adjust
Put in new injector
Turn on No.2 filter clean No.1 filter
Look at all gauges
Reduce load
Adjust fuel supply to low cylinder
Check injector nozzle and fuel pump delivery valve
Engine runs fast 1. Governor gear out of order

2. Fuel pump not responding to governor Governor and governor links
Fuel pump Clean oil and reset
Check connections
Examine fuel pump to governor joint
Engine work irregularly 1. Governor gear out of order

2. Water in fuel
3. Overloading

4. Fuel pump valve leaking

5. Fuel pump sticking

6. Fuel delivery differs Governor and linkage
Fuel filter
All gauges

Fuel pump

Fuel pump

Injectors
Examine, clean and oil
Change over filter
Adjust where necessary
Delivery valve may be stuck open
Check spring clean pump plunger
Adjust until all inject at same pressure

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